1. Michelia velutina de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 79. 1824.

Michelia lanceolata Wilson; M. lanuginosa Wallich.

Trees, to 15--20 m tall, ca. 90 cm d.b.h.; young growth densely gray long tomentose; twigs, leaves midrib adaxially, peduncles, follicle stalks, and mature carpels remains sparse and long tomentose. Bark dark brown. Stipular scars ca. 1/2 of petiole length. Petiole 1--2 cm, densely gray long tomentose; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 11.5--18.5 X 4--6 cm, thinly leathery, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, apex acute to slightly obtuse, acumen short; secondary veins 18--20 on each side of midrib, divergent; reticulated veins near margin, 4--6 between each 2 parallel veins. Flowers pseudoaxillary, near twig apex, 8--10 cm in diam. Tepals 10--12, pale yellow, narrowly oblanceolate, 4--6.5 X 1--1.8 cm; outer tepals larger than others, sericeous. Stamen connective exserted and mucronate. Gynoecium and carpels densely long tomentose. Fruiting gynophore 1--1.5 cm. Aggregates 10--13 cm, sparse or apically crowed; mature carpels obovate, lenticelate and sparsely long hairy, stipitate and stalk ca. 5 mm, apex obtuse, mucronate. Seeds orange-yellow. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Aug--Sep.

* Forests, slopes; 1500--2400 m. S Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Nepal].

2. Michelia champaca Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 536. 1753.

Trees, 10 m or more tall; crown narrowly umbelliform; young twigs, buds, petioles, and young leaf blades pale yellow appressed pubescent. Stipular scars more than 1/2 of petiole length. Petiole 2--4 cm; leaf blade lanceolate-ovate to lanceolate-elliptic, 10--20(--25) X 4.5--9 cm, abaxially slightly puberulous, base broadly cuneate to cuneate, apex long acuminate to subcaudate. Flowers fragrant. Tepals 15--20, yellow, oblanceolate, 2--4 X 0.4--0.5 cm; outer tepals larger than others. Stamen connective exserted into a long tip. Gynophore ca. 3 mm. Gynoecium hairy. Aggregates 7--15 cm; mature carpels obovoid-ellipsoid, 1--1.5 cm, tuberculate. Seeds 2--4, rugose. Fl. Jun--Jul, fr. Sep--Oct.

Forests. SE Xizang, S and SW Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Nepal, Vietnam].

Ornamental and medicinal. Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Taiwan.

3. Michelia laevifolia Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 8(3): 72. 1988.

Shrubs, ca. 2 m tall. Young twigs brown villous; old twigs sparsely covered with lenticels. Stipular scars nearly to petiole apex. Petiole 0.8--1 cm, glabrous or pubescent when young; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 5--9 X 1--2 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially brown and glabrous or puberulous when young, adaxially slightly glossy, base cuneate, apex acute; midrib abaxially flat; secondary veins 9--12 on each side of midrib. Flowers not seen. ; Fruiting gynophore ca. 7 mm. Aggregates 2--3.4 cm, brown villous; mature carpels broadly ovoid to subglobose, ca. 8 mm in diam., densely brown lenticelate, apex short beaked; stalk ca. 1.5 cm, pubescent. Fr. Jun.

* Forests; ca. 1500 m. Guizhou.

4. Michelia doltsopa Buchanan-Hamilton ex de Candolle, Syst. 1: 448. 1818.

Magnolia excelsa Wallich; Michelia excelsa (Wallich) Blume ex Wight; M. manipurensis Watt ex Brandis.

Trees, to 30 m tall; young twigs, buds, petioles, and young leaf blades abaxially grayish white appressed pubescent. Stipular scars ca. 1/5 of petiole length. Petiole 1--2 cm; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-elliptic, narrowly elliptic, 10--22 X 5--7 cm, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, margin slightly involute, apex acute to long acute; secondary veins 10--14 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins dense and slender, abaxially grayish and densely fine pubescent, adaxially prominent when dry. Peduncle densely appressed villous. Tepals white, narrowly obovate-spoonshaped, 5--7 X ca. 2.5 cm, base clawed, apex rounded; outer tepals larger than others. Stamens 1.2--1.7 cm; connective exserted into a 1.5--2 mm sharp tip; anthers 0.8--1.2 cm. Gynophore 6--8 mm, densely grayish firmly puberulous. Gynoecium narrowly ovoid, 1.5--2 cm; carpels ca. 2 cm, densely grayish firmly pubescent; style 5--7 mm. Aggregates 4--7 cm; mature carpels subobovoid, ca. 1.5 cm, with residual appressed fine pubescent hairs, apex acutely beaked.

Forests; 1500--2300 m. Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Myanmar, Nepal].

5. Michelia floribunda Finet & Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Mém. 4: 46. 1905.

Trees, to 20 m tall. Bark gray, smooth. Young twigs slender, 2--3 mm in diam., white appressed hairy. Stipular scars 1/2 or more of petiole length. Petiole 1--1.5(--2.5) cm, white appressed hairy; leaf blade narrowly ovate-elliptic, lanceolate, or narrowly obovate-elliptic, 7--12(--14) X 2--4 cm, leathery, abaxially glaucous and white long appressed hairy, adaxially dark green and glossy, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate; midrib impressed, usually with residual white hairs; secondary veins slender, 8--12 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins dense and slender, slightly prominent on both surfaces. Bracts 1 or 2. Peduncle 3--7 X ca. 3 mm, densely silvery appressed fine hairy. Flowers narrowly ellipsoid, slightly curved, golden-yellow appressed villous. Tepals 11--13, white, spoonlike to oblanceolate, 2.5--3.5 X 0.4--0.7 cm, apex usually with a small tip; outer tepals larger than others. Stamens 10--14; connective exserted into a long tip. Gynophore ca. 5 mm. Gynoecium ca. 1 cm; carpels ovoid, ca. 2 mm, densely silvery puberulous; style as long as carpel. Aggregates 2--6 cm, wrinkled; mature carpels compressed globose to long spherical, 0.6--1.5 cm, white lenticelate, apex slightly tipped. Fl. Feb--Apr, fr. Aug--Sep.

Forests; 1300--2700 m. W Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan [Myanmar].

6. Michelia kisopa Buchanan-Hamilton ex de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 448. 1818.

Trees, 20--40 m tall, ca. 45 cm d.b.h.; young growth appressed hairy. Buds narrowly ovoid, 8--10 mm, densely brown pubescent. Young twigs pale brown pubescent; old twigs blackish brown, glabrous, sparsely covered with lenticels. Stipular scar as long as petiole. Petiole 1.5--3 cm; leaf blade elliptic, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, 9--15 X 3--5 cm, leathery, abaxially brown pubescent when young, glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate to rounded, apex acute to short acuminate; secondary veins 7--11 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins dense, prominent on both surfaces when dry. Peduncle ca. 4 mm, pubescent. Tepals 9, yellow; 6 outer tepals obovate, 2--2.2 X 0.9--1 cm; 3 inner tepals ± spoonlike, 1.8--1.9 X 0.6--0.8 cm. Stamens 1--1.4 cm; filament 4--6 mm; connective exserted into a 3--4 mm tip; anthers 6--8 mm. Gynophore ca. 5 mm. Gynoecium cylindric, 0.8--1 X ca. 0.2 cm, pubescent; carpels ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm, densely pubescent; style ca. 0.5 mm. Aggregates 5--10 cm; mature carpels blackish brown, subglobose, ca. 1.3 cm in diam., sparsely covered with white lenticels. Seeds red, broadly heartshaped, ca. 1 X 0.3--0.5 cm.

Forests, slopes; 1700--2400 m. Xizang [Nepal].

7. Michelia wilsonii Finet & Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Mém. 4: 45. 1905.

M. sinensis Hemsley & E. H. Wilson.

Trees, to 20 m tall. Buds cylindric. Young twigs green, pale brown sparsely appressed pubescent; old twigs with many nodes, lenticelate. Stipular scars 2--4 mm. Petiole 1.5--4 cm; leaf blade obovate, narrowly obovate, or oblanceolate, 10--15 X 3.5--7 cm, leathery, abaxially glaucous and sparsely white glossy appressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous and glossy, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex acute to short acuminate; secondary veins slender, 8--13 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins dense, slender, prominent on both surfaces when dry. Bracts 2--4. Flowers fragrant, 5--6 cm in diam. Tepals 9--12, yellow, obovate to oblanceolate, 4--5 X 1--2.5 cm, slightly fleshy; outer tepals larger than others. Stamens 1.5--2 cm; filament green, ca. 2 mm; connective exserted into a ca. 1 mm mucro; anthers ca. 1.2 cm, introrse. Gynoecium cylindric, 3.5--4 cm; carpels ca. 6 mm ovoid-ellipsoid, densely silvery appressed fine hairy; ovules ca. 14 per carpel; style as long as carpel. Aggregates 12--15 cm; receptacle wrinkled; mature carpels purplish brown, ellipsoid to obovoid, 1--2.5 cm, grayish yellow lenticelate, apex curved and short beaked, 2-segmented. Fl. Mar--May, fr. Aug--Sep.

* Forests; 600--2000 m. C and W Sichuan.

8. Michelia yunnanensis Franchet ex Finet & Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Mém. 4: 43. 1905.

M. dandyi Hu.

Shrubs, to 4 m tall; twigs and leaves dense; young twigs, buds, young leaf blades adaxially, petioles, and peduncles dark red appressed hairy. Stipular scars 2/3 to entire petiole length. Petiole 4--5 mm; leaf blade obovate, narrowly obovate, or narrowly obovate-elliptic, 4--10 X 1.5--3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially appressed hairy, adaxially dark green and glossy, base cuneate, apex obtuse to short acute; secondary veins 7--9 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins prominent on both surfaces when dry. Bract 1. Flowers very fragrant. Peduncle 3--7 mm, thick and strong. Tepals 6--12(--17), white, obovate, obovate-elliptic, 3--3.5 X 1--1.5 cm; inner tepals smaller than outer. Stamens 0.5--1 cm; filament white, ca. 3 mm; connective exserted into a 1--3 mm mucro; anthers 5--7 mm. Gynoecium and gynophore reddish brown appressed fine hairy; carpels 8--20, ovoid to long ellipsoid, 1--1.3 cm; ovules 5 or 6; style ca. 1 mm, longitudinal furrowed. Aggregates 1--4.5 cm; mature carpels usually 5--9 developed, compressed globose, 5--8 mm wide, hairy, apex mucronate. Seeds 1 or 2. Fl. Mar--Apr, fr. Aug--Sep.

* Thickets; 1100--2300 m. C and S Yunnan.

Ornamental and perfume.

9. Michelia crassipes Y. W. Law, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(3): 121. 1985.

Trees or shrubs, 2--5 m tall; young twigs, buds, petioles, and peduncles densely reddish brown or yellow long tomentose. Bark grayish brown. Stipular scars as long as petiole. Petiole 2--4 mm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, obovate, or narrowly obovate, rarely narrowly elliptic, 7--13 X 2.5--4 cm, leathery, abaxially and green and villous along veins, adaxially dark green, glabrous, and glossy, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex long caudate-cuspidate to acute. Flowers very fragrant. Tepals 6, purplish red to dark purple, long elliptic, 1.8--2 X 0.6--0.8 cm. Stamens ca. 1 cm; connective exserted into a short tip; anthers ca. 6 mm. Gynophore ca. 2 mm. Gynoecium ca. 8 mm, not exceeding androecium, densely pilose; carpels ovoid, 3.5--4 mm, densely pilose; style 2 mm. Aggregates 2.5--5 cm; brachyblast 1--2 X 0.3--0.5 cm; mature carpels more than 10, compressed ovoid to compressed globose, papillate and hairy. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Aug--Sep.

* Forests, ravines; 300--1000 m. N Guangdong, NE Guangxi, S Hunan.

10. Michelia skinneriana Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 354. 1908.

Trees, to 15 m tall; young twigs, buds, petioles, leaf blade midribs abaxially, and peduncles densely brown villous. Bark grayish white, smooth. Stipular scars as long as petiole. Petiole 2--4 mm; leaf blade narrowly obovate-elliptic, oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, 5--11(--14) X 1.5--3.5(--4) cm, leathery, abaxially sparsely brown villous, adaxially dark green and glossy, base cuneate, apex long caudate-acuminate; secondary veins 10--13; reticulate veins sparse, prominent on both surfaces when dry. Flowers fragrant. Peduncle slender. Tepals 6, pale yellow, obovate, 1.6--2 cm; outer tepals brown hairy at base. Stamens 6--10 mm; connective exserted into a ca. 0.5 mm mucro; anthers 4--5 mm, latrorse. Gynophore 4--7 mm, densely brown hairy. Gynoecium ca. 6 mm; carpels densely brown hairy. Aggregates 4--7 cm, usually curved or shortened due to carpels partly undeveloped; peduncle slender; mature carpels black, globose to ellipsoid, 1--1.5 cm, beak mucronate. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Aug--Sep.

* Forests, ravines, slopes; below 1200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.

Ornamental.

11. Michelia figo (Loureiro) Spreng, Syst. Veg. 2: 643. 1825.

Liriodendron figo Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 347. 1790; Magnolia fuscata Andrews; Michelia fuscata Blume ex Wallich.

Shrubs, 2--3 m tall; young twigs, buds, petioles, and peduncles densely yellowish brown tomentose. Bark grayish brown. Twigs and leaves dense. Stipular scars as long as petiole. Petiole 2--4 mm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 4--10 X 1.8--4.5 cm, abaxially brown appressed hairy on midrib, adaxially glossy and glabrous, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex obtusely acute. Flowers erect, 1.2--2 X 0.6--1.1 cm, sweetly fragrant. Tepals 6, pale yellow and margin sometimes red to purple, fleshy, thick, long elliptic, 1.2--2 X 0.6--1.1 cm. Stamens 7--8 mm; connective exserted into a sharp tip. Gynophore ca. 6 mm, pale yellow tomentose. Gynoecium glabrous, ca. 7 mm, exceeding androecium. Aggregates 2--3.5 cm; mature carpels ovoid to globose, apex with a mucronate beak. Fl. Mar--May, fr. Jul--Aug.

* Broad-leaved evergreen forests, shady slopes, along river banks. Native to S China, wild plants were found in Dinghu Shan, Guangdong.

Ornamental and medicinal. Widely cultivated in China.

12. Michelia balansae (A. de Candolle) Dandy, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 263. 1927.

Trees, to 7--10 m tall, ca. 60 cm d.b.h.; young twigs, buds, petioles, leaf blades abaxially, flower buds, and peduncles densely brown tomentose. Bark smooth, gray to grayish brown. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 1.5--4 cm, compressed at base; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 10--20(--28) X 5--10(--12) cm, abaxially brown tomentose on veins, adaxially subglabrous, base broadly cuneate, apex abruptly acute; secondary veins 12--15 on each side of midrib, ends arching upwards; reticulated veins netted. Flowers fragrant. Tepals 6, white and pale greenish, obovate-elliptic, 3.5--3.7 X 1.3--1.5 cm; innermost tepals oblanceolate, smaller than others. Stamens 1--1.5 cm; connective exserted and mucronate; anthers 0.8--1 cm. Gynophore 4--6 mm, yellowish brown tomentose. Gynoecium ovoid. Fruiting gynophore 4.5--7 cm. Aggregates 7--12 cm; mature carpels ellipsoid-ovoid, obovoid, or cylindric, 2--6 X 1.2--1.5 cm, apex with a reflexed beak; beak 3--5 mm. Seeds subellipsoid, 1--1.5 cm, one end or both ends truncate; testa red, endotesta brown. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. Aug--Oct.

Forests, slopes, along rivers; 300--1000 m. Guangdong, S Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan [Vietnam].

Timber.

                    1b. Young twigs, petioles, and leaf blades abaxially appressed fine hairy 12b. var. appressipubescens

12a. Michelia balansae var. balansae

Magnolia balansae A. de Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 294. 1904; Michelia baviensis Finet & Gagnepain.

Young twigs, petioles, and leaf blades abaxially densely brown tomentose. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. Aug--Oct.

Forests, slopes, along rivers, 300--1000 m. S and SW Guangdong, S Guangxi, Hainan, SE Yunnan [Vietnam].

Timber.

12b. Michelia balansae var. appressipubescens Y. W. Law, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(3): 124. 1985.

Young twigs, petioles, and leaf blades abaxially appressed fine hairy. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jul--Sep.

* Forests. Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan..

13. Michelia martinii (H. Léveillé) H. Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 270. 1915.

Magnolia martinii H. Léveillé, Bull. Soc. Agr. Sarthe 39: 321. 1904; Michelia bodinieri Finet & Gagnepain; M. martinii (H. Léveillé) Dandy.

Trees, to 20 m tall. Bark gray, smooth. Buds ovoid to ellipsoid-ovoid, covered with dense grayish yellow to reddish brown erect long hairs. Young twigs olive green, glabrous; old twigs brown, sparsely covered with lenticels. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 1.5--2 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate to narrowly obovate-elliptic, 12--18 X 3--5 cm, leathery, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex acute to short caudate, adaxially dark green, glossy, glabrous; midrib adaxially impressed; secondary veins 11--17 on each side of midrib, subparallel. Flowers fragrant. Peduncle ca. 7 mm, thick and strong, densely yellowish brown tomentose. Tepals 6--8, pale yellow; outer tepals obovate-oblong, 4--4.5 X 2--2.4 cm; inner tepals oblanceolate, ca. 4 X 1.1--1.3 cm. Stamens 1.3--1.8 cm; filament purple; connective exserted into a ca. 0.5 mm tip; anthers ca. 1.0--1.2 cm, ± free, latrorse. Gynoecium pale green, ca. 3 cm; carpels ellipsoid-ovoid, ca. 1 cm; ovules 8--12 per carpel; style nearly as long as carpel. Aggregates 9--15 cm, wrinkled; mature carpels obovoid to ellipsoid-ovoid, 1--2 cm, white lenticelate, dehiscent simultaneously along both ventral and dorsal sutures, apex short beaked. Fl. Feb--Mar, fr. Aug--Sep.

* Forests; 1000--2000 m. Guizhou, S Henan, W Hubei, C and S Sichuan, NE Yunnan.

Perfume.

14. Michelia longistamina Y. W. Law, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(3): 122. 1985.

Trees, to 15 m tall, ca. 50 cm d.b.h.; buds, stipule abaxial surfaces, peduncles, and bract adaxial surfaces sparsely pale yellow villous. Bark gray. Twigs glabrous, sparsely covered with punctate lenticels. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 1.3--2.5 cm, glabrous, widely furrowed adaxially; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 7--14 X 2.5--5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially pale green and glabrous, adaxially dark green and glossy, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex short acuminate to acute; secondary veins 9--13 on each side of midrib, slender. Flower buds ellipsoid. Peduncle 0.4--1.4 cm. Tepals 6, white, in 2 whorls; outer tepals obovate, 6--7 cm; inner tepals obovate to narrowly obovate, 4.5--6.5 X 2.5--3 cm. Stamens 3--4 cm; filament 0.6--1 cm; connective exserted into a 3--5 mm tonguelike tip; anthers 2--2.5 cm. Gynophore ca. 1 cm, glabrous. Gynoecium 2.5--3 cm; carpels narrowly ovoid, ca. 4 mm, apex with a tip and reflexed; ovules 8--10 per carpel. Aggregates 8--11 cm; mature carpels broadly obovoid, ellipsoid, or subglobose, ca. 1.5 X 0.6 cm, apex with an incurved beak. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Nov.

* Forests; ca. 1300 m. N Guangdong.

15. Michelia chapensis Dandy, J. Bot. 67: 222. 1929.

Michelia tsoi Dandy.

Trees, to 15--30 m tall, ca. 1 m d.b.h. Bark gray to dark brown. Twigs glabrous or nodes grayish puberulous when young. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 1.5--2.5 cm, adaxially furrowed, puberulous when young, glabrescent; leaf blade obovate, narrowly obovate, or oblong-obovate, 6.5--15(--16) X 3.5--6.5(--7) cm, thinly leathery, adaxially dark green and glossy, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex abruptly to short acuminate, acumen obtuse; secondary veins 9--12(--15) on each side of midrib; reticulate veins sparse. Bracts 2--5. Flowers fragrant. Peduncle 0.4--1 cm, appressed gray puberulous. Tepals 6, in 2 whorls, pale yellow; outer tepals obovate-elliptic, ca. 3 X 1.5 cm; inner tepals narrower than outer. Stamens 1.7--2 cm; connective exserted into a ca. 1 mm mucro; anthers 1.1--1.5 cm. Gynophore ca. 7 mm, densely silvery appressed puberulous. Gynoecium narrowly cylindric, ca. 1.5 cm; carpels ovoid, ca. 2 mm; ovules 6 per carpel; style ca. 1.5 mm. Fruiting gynophore ca. 2 mm. Aggregates ca. 10 cm; mature carpels ellipsoid to ovoid, 1--1.5 X ca. 1 cm, base broad, apex with short and curved tip. Seeds red, ovoid to ellipsoid-ovoid, ca. 1 X 0.6 cm. Fl. Mar--Apr, fr. Aug--Sep.

Forests; 500--1500 m. N and W Guangdong, NE and SE Guangxi, S and W Hunan, S Jiangxi [Vietnam].

16. Michelia xanthantha C. Y. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10: 338. 1988.

Trees, 30 m tall, ca. 1 m d.b.h. Buds cylindric, ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous. Twigs blackish brown to grayish yellow, ca. 4.5 mm in diam., sparsely covered with lenticels. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 2--2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong to obovate-oblong, 15--17 X 6.2--7.5 cm, thinly leathery, base cuneate to obtuse, apex short cuspidate, glabrous; midrib abaxially prominent, adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 11 or 12 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins prominent on both surfaces. Flowers fragrant. Peduncle ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous. Tepals 6, in 2 whorls, yellow, narrowly oblong to broadly oblanceolate, 4--5.5 X 1--1.5 cm. Stamens 2.3--2.5 cm; connective exserted into a 1--2 mm sharp tip; anthers 1.8--2 cm. Gynophore 2--3 mm. Gynoecium cylindric, 1.8--2 cm, densely gray pubescent; carpels many, ovoid, densely gray pubescent, 3--4 mm; style brown, ca. 1 mm. Aggregates pendulous, ca. 21 cm; mature carpels dark brown, sparsely covered with lenticels. Fl. Mar.

* Forests; 1300--1400 m. Yunnan (Xishuangbanna Daizu Zizhizhou).

17. Michelia angustioblonga Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 6(2): 97. 1986.

Trees, ca. 4 m tall; young growth appressed pubescent, glossy. Buds densely brown villous. Twigs black. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 1--1.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, 6.5--10 X 1.5--2.5 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish green and villous, adaxially dark green base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse; midrib adaxially impressed; secondary veins inconspicuous; reticulate veins dense, conspicuous when dry. Peduncle pilose. Tepals 6, in 2 whorls, white, oblanceolate; outer tepals 1.8--2 X 0.4--0.5 cm; inner tepals 1.4--1.6 cm. Stamens 1.1--1.5 cm; connective exserted and mucronate; anthers 0.6--1 cm. Gynophore ca. 3 mm. Gynoecium embedded in androecium, narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm; carpels brown puberulous. Fruit not seen.

* Forests; ca. 1000 m. Guizhou (Libo Xian).

18. Michelia szechuanica Dandy, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 131. 1928.

Trees, to 25 m tall. Young twigs ca. 3 mm in diam., reddish brown appressed villous. Petiole 1.5--3 cm, reddish brown hairy when young, glabrescent; leaf blade narrowly obovate, 9--15 X 3--6 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish green and sparsely covered with reddish brown erect hairs, adaxially midrib at base with reddish brown appressed hairs, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex sharply caudate. Bracts 1 or 2. Flower buds ovoid, reddish brown tomentose. Peduncle ca. 7 X 5 mm, densely reddish brown villous. Tepals 9, yellowish, narrowly obovate, 2--2.5 cm, unequal. Stamens 1--1.4 cm; connective exserted into a ca. 1 mm tip; anthers ca. 8 mm, ± free, latrorse. Gynophore ca. 6 mm, appressed yellowish brown puberulous. Gynoecium 3--4 mm; carpels ovoid, densely yellow appressed puberulous; style nearly as long as carpels. Aggregates 6--8 cm; mature carpels compressed globose, 0.7--1.4 cm in diam., 2-segmented. Fl. Apr, fr. Sep.

* Forests; 1300--1600 m. N Guizhou, W Hubei, S and SE Sichuan, NE Yunnan.

19. Michelia hedyosperma Y. W. Law, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(3): 123. 1985.

Trees, to 21 m tall, ca. 60 cm d.b.h.; buds, young petioles, peduncles, flower buds, and carpels appressed short sericeous, other organs glabrous. Twigs black; old twigs pale brown, sparsely covered with lenticels. Leaf blade green, concolorous, with Illicium aroma when crushed, obovate to elliptic-obovate, 6--13 X 5--5.5 cm, thinly leathery, glossy, base broadly cuneate, apex with an obtuse tip; secondary veins and reticulate veins prominent on both surfaces; secondary veins 8--10 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins slender, dense. Flower buds long ellipsoid, ca. 2 cm. Flowers fragrant. Peduncle ca. 1 cm. Tepals 9, in 3 whorls; outer tepals membranous, linear, ca. 1.5 X 0.2 cm; tepals of inner 2 whorls narrowly elliptic, 1.5--2 X 0.6 cm. Stamens ca. 25, 8--9 mm; connective exserted into a 1--1.5 mm sharp tip. Gynophore 4--5 mm. Gynoecium ovoid; carpels ca. 10, narrowly ellipsoid, 6--7 mm, dorsally 5-ridged; ovules 6--8 per carpel; style ca. 2 mm, reflexed. Fruiting peduncle 1.5--2 cm and thick. Fruiting gynophore 2--3 cm. Mature carpels grayish black, ellipsoid, 2--4.5 X 1--2.5 cm, densely lenticelate, base narrowed into a 2--8 mm stalk, apex mucronate; segments thick, reflexed, exposing white endocarp. Seeds 1--4 per carpel. Fl. Mar--Apr, fr. Sep--Oct.

* Forests, slopes, ravines; 300--800 m. SW Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan.

20. Michelia macclurei Dandy, J. Bot. 66: 360. 1928

Michelia macclurei var. sublanea Dandy.

Trees, to 30 m tall, ca. 1 m d.b.h.; young twigs, buds, stipules, petioles, bracts, and peduncles densely reddish brown short tomentose and glossy or spreading villous. Bark grayish white, smooth, not fissured. Petiole 2.5--4 cm, adaxially narrowly furrowed; leaf blade obovate, elliptic-obovate, rhombic, or oblong-elliptic, 7--14 X 5--7 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish hairy mixed with brown appressed short tomentum, adaxially pubescent when young, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex short acute to acuminate; secondary veins 10--15 on each side of midrib, slender, adaxially inconspicuous; reticulate veins slender, honey-combed. Bracts 2 or 3. Peduncle 1--1.3 X 0.3--0.4 cm long. Tepals usually 9, white, spoonshaped to oblanceolate, 3--5 cm; inner tepals narrower and smaller than outer ones. Stamens 1--2 cm; filament red, ca. 1 mm; connective exserted into a ca. 1 mm mucro; anthers 0.8--1.4 cm. Gynophore 1--2 cm, densely brown tomentose. Gynoecium 1.4--2 cm; carpels ovoid to narrowly ovoid, 1--3 X 1.5 cm, sparsely white lenticelate, base broad, apex rounded, dehiscent into 2 segments along both ventral and dorsal suture. Seeds 1--3, compressed ovoid, 0.8--1 X 0.6--0.8 mm. Fl. Mar--Apr, fr. Sep--Nov.

Forests; 500--1000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [N Vietnam].

Timber and ornamental.

21. Michelia polylneura C. Y. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10: 340. 1988.

Trees, 10--20 m tall. Buds cylindric, densely gray pubescent. Twigs 5--7 mm in diam., strong, sparsely puberulous, grayish yellow lenticelate. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 1--1.5 cm, adaxially furrowed; leaf blade oblong to elliptic-oblong, 11--15 X 4--6 cm, thinly leathery, glabrous, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acuminate; midrib abaxially prominent, adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 17--20 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins dense, prominent on both surfaces. Peduncle ca. 2.5 mm, densely yellow tomentose. Tepals 9, in 3 whorls, white, oblong to obovate-oblong, 2.3--3 X 0.8--1 cm, subequal. Stamens ca. 80, 8--10 mm; connective exserted into a 1.5--2 mm sharp tip; anthers 4--5 mm. Gynophore 2--7 mm. Gynoecium cylindric, 1--1.2 cm, glabrous; carpels many. Fruiting gynophore 1.2--1.5 cm. Aggregates 3--4 cm; mature carpels yellowish green, densely lenticelate. Fl. Feb--Mar, fr. Sep--Oct.

* Forests; ca. 1200 m. Yunnan (Xichou Xian, Guangnan Xian).

22. Michelia calcicola C. Y. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10: 339. 1988.

Trees, 3--8 m tall. Buds cylindric to narrowly ovoid, 2.5--3.5 cm, yellowish brown tomentose with hairs to 5 mm. Young twigs pale yellow tomentose; old twigs dark brown, 5--7 mm in diam., glabrous, with punctate lenticels. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 1.5--3 cm, tomentose when young, glabrescent; leaf blade oblong to ovate-oblong, 13--18 X 4.5--7 cm, both surfaces appressed villous when young, abaxially grayish white, base broadly cuneate to subobtuse, apex acuminate to acute; midrib adaxially impressed; secondary veins 11--13 on each side of midrib; lateral and reticulate veins prominent on both surfaces. Flowers 4--5 cm in diam. Peduncle ca. 1 cm, densely pale yellow long tomentose. Tepals 9, yellow, oblong to obovate-oblong, 4--4.5 X 1--1.5 cm, unequal. Stamens ca. 60, 2--2.4 cm; filament 4--5 mm; connective exserted into a 0.8--1 mm sharp tip; anthers 1.5--1.7 cm. Gynophore ca. 6 mm. Gynoecium cylindric, ca. 2 cm, subglabrous; carpels ovoid, 3--4 mm, glabrous; style brown. Aggregates cylindric, 9--10 cm; mature carpels cylindric, 1.5--1.7 X ca. 1 cm, apex short beaked. Fl. Mar, fr. Nov.

* Forests, rocky mountains; 600--1500 m. Guangxi (Longzhou Xian), SE Yunnan.

23. Michelia platypetala Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. 58: 89. 1921, p.p. quoad Handel-Mazzetti 1228.

Trees, to 20 m tall, ca. 50 cm d.b.h.; young twigs, buds, and young leaf blades reddish brown sericeous. Petiole 1--3 cm, reddish brown appressed hairy; leaf blade oblong, elliptic-oblong, 11--18(--20) X 4--6(--7) cm, thinly leathery, abaxially with grayish white appressed puberulous and reddish brown hairs, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, apex acuminate to abruptly acuminate; secondary veins 8--14 on each side of midrib. Bracts usually 2. Peduncle 0.5--2 cm, appressed hairy. Tepals 9, white; outer tepals obovate-elliptic to elliptic, 5--5.6(--7) X 2--2.5 cm; middle tepals slightly narrower than outer; inner tepals narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 1.2--1.4 cm. Stamens ca. 1 cm; filament ca. 2 mm; connective exserted into a 1--1.5 mm narrowly triangular tip; anthers ca. 6 mm, introrse. ; Gynophore ca. 5 mm. Gynoecium cylindric, 6--8 mm, gray or golden yellow puberulous; carpels ovoid; ovules ca. 8; style ca. 4 mm. Aggregates 5--15 cm; mature carpels sessile, ellipsoid, rarely globose to ovoid, 1.5--2(--2.5) X 1--1.5 cm, grayish white lenticellate, apex rounded or sometimes acute, usually completely dehiscent along both ventral and dorsal suture. Seeds pale red, broadly compressed ovoid to long ellipsoid, 5--8 mm. Fl. Mar--Apr, fr. Aug--Sep.

* Forests; 1200--1500 m. E Guangdong, NE Guangxi, E Guizhou, W Hubei, SW Hunan.

24. Michelia iteophylla C. Y. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10: 337. 1988.

Trees, ca. 8 m tall. Buds cylindric, ca. 1.4 cm, brownish tomentulose. Twigs brown to yellowish brown, glabrous, sparsely covered with lenticels. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 0.8--1.2 cm; leaf blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 7--10 X 1.7--2.3 cm, leathery, base cuneate, apex acuminate, glabrous; midrib adaxially slightly impressed; secondary veins 11--15 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins dense, prominent on both surfaces when dry. Flowers fragrant. Peduncle 6--7 mm, glabrous or sometimes strigose when young. Tepals 9, white, narrowly obovate, ca. 2.8 X 0.8--1 cm, subequal. Stamens many, ca. 7 mm; filament ca. 1 mm; connective exserted into a ca. 1 mm mucro; anthers ca. 5 mm. Gynophore ca. 6 mm, finely strigose. Gynoecium ovoid, ca. 6 mm, finely strigose; carpels many, ca. 1.8 mm, finely strigose; style ca. 0.2 mm. Aggregates dark brown, ovoid, 5--7 cm, whitish lenticellate; mature carpels completely dehiscent into 2 segments.

* Forests; 1600--1700 m. Yunnan (Jinping Xian).

25. Michelia lacei W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 12: 216. 1920.

Michelia magnifica Hu; M. tignifera Dandy; M. uniflora Dandy.

Trees, ca. 15 m tall, ca. 18 cm d.b.h. Twigs stout, 0.7--1 cm in diam., sparsely pale brown villous when young, with elliptic coarse lenticels. Petiole 2.5--3 cm; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to elliptic, 14--17 X 6--8 cm, leathery, glabrous, adaxially green and glossy, base broadly cuneate and slightly decurrent, margin slightly reflexed, apex acuminate to acute; midrib abaxially dark green and impressed; secondary veins 15--20 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins prominent on both surfaces when dry. Bracts 4 or 5, thin, white appressed hairy. Peduncle 3--4 cm, stout, brown long hairy on nodes. Tepals 9, in 3 whorls; outer 3 tepals obovate-spoonshaped, ca. 6 X 2.5 cm, base clawed; innermost tepals 3--5.5 X ca. 1 cm. Stamens ca. 2.3 cm; filament ca. 3 mm; connective exserted into a 1--2 mm mucro; anthers ca. 2 cm, latrorse. Gynophore ca. 2.5 cm, puberulous. Gynoecium ca. 1.7 cm; carpels ca. 12, narrowly ovoid, ca. 4 mm, glabrous; ovules in 2 series, 10 per carpel; style 3--4 mm. Aggregates not seen. Fl. Feb.

* Forests; ca. 1500 m. SW Yunnan (Luxi Xian).

26. Michelia maudiae Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 353. 1908.

Michelia chingii W. C. Cheng.

Trees, to 20 m tall, glabrous; young twigs, buds, leaf blades abaxially, and bracts white powdery. Bark thin, pale gray to grayish brown. Petiole 1--3 cm; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, rarely elliptic-oblong, 7--18 X 3.5--8.5 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish green and glaucous, adaxially dark green and glossy, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or obtuse, apex abruptly acuminate to short acuminate with obtuse tip; secondary veins 7--12 on each side of midrib, straight or slightly curved, divaricate and netted; reticulate veins dense. Bracts 3, pale brown, ca. 3 cm, thinly leathery, scar annular. Flowers fragrant. Peduncle green. Tepals 9, white but base slightly pale red; outer tepals obovate, 5--7 X 3.5--4 cm, base with a ca. 1 cm claw, apex short acute; tepals of inner two whorls gradually narrowed, ± spoonlike, apex acute. Stamens 1.5--2.2 cm; filament pale purple, ca. 4 mm, flat; connective exserted into a 1--2 mm tip. Gynophore 5--8 mm. Gynoecium 1.5--1.8 cm; carpels green, narrowly ovoid, 5--6 mm including style. Aggregates 7--15 cm; mature carpels ellipsoid, obovoid, or ovoid, apex obtuse to abruptly mucronate. Seeds red, obliquely ovoid and slightly compressed, ca. 1 X 0.5 cm. Fl. Feb--Mar, fr. Sep--Oct.

* Forests; 600--1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan.

Timber, ornamental, and medicinal.

27. Michelia mediocris Dandy, J. Bot. 66: 47. 1928.

Trees, to 25 m tall, ca. 90 cm d.b.h.; young twigs and young leaf blades grayish white appressed pubescent. Bark grayish brown. Buds reddish brown puberulous, apex acute. Petiole 1.5--3 cm; leaf blade rhombic-elliptic, 6--13 X 3--5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially grayish white appressed puberulous, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex short acuminate; secondary veins 10--15 on each side of midrib, slender, inconspicuous; reticulate veins dense. Flower buds ellipsoid, 1--1.5 X 0.5--0.9 cm, densely brownish yellow to grayish white appressed puberulous. Bracts 3. Tepals 9, white, spoonshaped, 1.8--2.2 X 0.5--0.8 cm, unequal. Stamens 1--1.5 cm; connective exserted into a 3--4 mm tip; anthers 0.8--1.4 cm. Gynophore 3--5 mm, densely silvery appressed puberulous. Gynoecium cylindric, ca. 1 cm; carpels 7--14; ovules 4 or 5 per carpel. Aggregates blackish brown, 2--3.5 cm; mature carpels obovoid, ellipsoid, or globose, slightly compressed, 1--2 cm, white lenticellate, apex with an obtuse beak. Seeds red, 5--8 X ca. 5 mm. Fl. Dec--Jan, fr. Jun--Jul.

Forests, slopes; 400--1000 m. SE Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Cambodia, Vietnam].

28. Michelia shiluensis Chun & Y. F. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 286. 1963.

Trees, to 18 m tall, ca. 30 cm d.b.h.; twigs, leaf blades, and petiole glabrous. Bark gray. Terminal buds narrowly ellipsoid, orange-yellow or gray pubescent, glossy. Petiole 1--3 cm, broadly furrowed; leaf blade obovate-oblong, 8--14(--20) X 4--7(--8) cm, leathery and rigid, abaxially glaucous, adaxially dark green, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse and mucronate; secondary veins 8--12 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins prominent on both surfaces when dry. Tepals 9, in 3 whorls, white, obovate, 3--4.5 X 1.5--2.5 cm, unequal. Stamens 2--2.5 cm; filament red. Gynoecium 1.4--2.1 cm, puberulous; carpels ovoid, 2.5--4 mm. Aggregates 4--5 cm; peduncle 2--3 cm; mature carpels sometime only a few developed, obovoid to obovoid-ellipsoid, 0.8--1.2 cm, apex short beaked. Seeds broadly elliptic, ca. 8 mm. Fl. Mar--May, fr. Jun--Aug.

* Ravines, slopes, at roadsides; 200--1500 m. Hainan.

Ornamental.

29. Michelia elegans Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 8(3): 71. 1988.

Trees, ca. 5 m tall; young growth with an appressed indumentum. Buds ovoid, 1.5--2 X 0.7--1.2 cm, brown tomentose. Young twigs grayish brown, densely pubescent; old twigs dark brown, glabrous, sparsely covered with lenticels. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 0.5--1 cm, pubescent, basally slightly compressed; leaf blade obovate-oblong, rarely oblong, 9--14 X 4.5--5.5 cm, leathery, abaxially densely brown pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex cuspidate; midrib adaxially impressed; secondary veins 11--13 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins dense, prominent when dry. Peduncle ca. 1 cm, brown tomentose. Tepals 9, white, obovate to obovate-oblong, ca. 3 X 1.5--2 cm, unequal. Stamens many, ca. 1.5 cm; connective exserted into a 1.5 mm mucro; anthers ca. 1 cm. Gynophore ca. 8 mm, densely pubescent. Gynoecium cylindric, 1.2--1.8 cm, densely pubescent; carpels ovoid, ca. 2.5 mm, densely pubescent. Fruiting gynophore 1.3--1.5 cm. Aggregates cylindric, 6--7 cm; mature carpels broadly obovoid to subglobose, 1.1--1.2 X ca. 1 cm, sparsely white lenticellate. Seeds red, 1 per carpel. Fl. Apr, fr. Oct.

* Open fields. Guangdong, Zhejiang.

30. Michelia foveolata Merrill ex Dandy, J. Bot. 66: 360. 1928.

Trees, to 30 m tall, ca. 80 cm d.b.h.; young twigs, buds, petioles, and leaf blades abaxially densely reddish brown tomentulose or grayish white pubescent. Bark pale to dark gray. Petiole 1.5--3 cm; leaf blade oblong-elliptic, elliptic-ovate, or broadly lanceolate, 17--23 X 6--11 cm, thickly leathery, adaxially dark green and glossy, base broadly cuneate, obtuse, or narrowly cuneate, usually asymmetrical, apex acuminate to short acuminate; secondary veins 16--26 on each side of midvein, ends slender, divaricate and netted near margin; reticulate veins dense. Bracts 3 or 4. Peduncle ca. 5 mm in diam. Tepals 9--12, pale yellowish green with purplish base; outer 3 tepals broadly obovate, 6--7 cm; middle and inner whorl of tepals obovate, narrower and smaller than outer ones. Stamens ca. 50, 2.5--3 cm; filament dark purple, 0.7--1 cm; anthers 1.5--2 cm. Gynophore 1.7--2 cm, silvery tomentulose. Gynoecium 2--3 cm; carpels ca. 5 mm, narrowly ovoid; ovules ca. 8 per carpel. Aggregates 7--20 cm; mature carpels long ellipsoid, 1--2.4 cm. Fl. Mar--May, fr. Sep--Oct.

Forests, wet places; 500--1800 m. Fujian (Shanghang Xian), Guangdong, S Guangxi, SE Guizhou, W Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Yunnan, Zhejiang (Qingyuan Xian) [N Vietnam].

30a. Michelia foveolata var. foveolata

Young twigs, petioles, and leaf blades abaxially reddish brown tomentulose.

Forests, wet places; 500--1800 m. Guangdong, S Guangxi, SE Guizhou, W Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Yunnan [N Vietnam].

30b. Michelia foveolata var. cinerascens Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 6(2): 99. 1986.

Young twigs, petioles, and leaf blades abaxially grayish white pubescent.

* Forests. Fujian (Shanghang Xian), Zhejiang (Qingyuan Xian).

31. Michelia fulgens Dandy, J. Bot. 68: 210. 1930.

Trees, to 25 m tall, ca. 50 cm d.b.h.; young twigs, buds, petioles, and peduncles densely silvery or reddish brown tomentulose. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 2--4 cm; leaf blade narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic-ovate, 10--20 X 3.5--6.5 cm, leathery, abaxially silvery and reddish brown tomentulose, adaxially reddish brown tomentose when young, base cuneate to obtuse, sometimes slightly oblique, apically usually tapering and acuminate; secondary veins 14--20 on each side of midrib, divaricate and netted at 0.5--1.5 mm away from margin; reticulate veins dense, conspicuous when dry. Bracts 3--5. Flower buds ellipsoid, 3--3.5 X 1.5--1.8 cm, densely reddish brown or silvery short sericeous. Tepals 9--12, in 3 whorls, subequal; outer tepals elliptic to obovate-elliptic, ca. 3 X 1.5 cm; inner tepals smaller than outer. Stamens 1.2--1.4 cm; filament 1--2 mm; connective not exserted; anthers 1.1--1.2 cm. Gynophore 1.3--1.5 cm, densely silvery short hairy. Gynoecium cylindric; carpels many, ovoid, ca. 2 mm; ovules 10 or more per carpel; style ca. 1 mm. Aggregates 7--10 cm; mature carpels firmly adnate to rachis, ellipsoid to obovoid, 1--2 cm, base broadly rounded, apex rounded or short beaked. Seeds red, compressed globose to compressed ovoid, 6--7 mm. Fl. Mar--Apr, fr. Sep--Oct.

Forests, ravines, slopes; 1300--1700 m. S Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Vietnam].

Timber.

32. Michelia pachycarpa Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(1): 85. 1987.

Trees, ca. 40 m tall, ca. 1.3 m d.b.h. Bark gray. Young twigs pale green, 0.8--1.2 cm in diam.; old twigs dark gray, white lenticellate. Petiole ca. 2.5 cm; leaf blade obovate-oblong to elliptic, 15--28 X 7--10 cm, thickly leathery, base narrowly cuneate, apex short acute, glabrous; midrib adaxially impressed; secondary veins 14--18 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins dense and slender, prominent on both surfaces when dry. Flowers not seen. Fruiting gynophore 2--3 cm. Aggregates 7--10 cm; undeveloped carpels 8--10; mature carpels blackish brown, obovoid, 2--3.5 X 2 cm, lenticellate, completely dehiscent into 2 segments; segments woody, 5--8 mm thick; tepal scars 9--12, in 3 or 4 whorls; stamen scar band ca. 2 cm. Fr. Oct.

* Forests; ca. 1800 m. Yunnan.

33. Michelia sphaerantha C. Y. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10: 335. 1988.

Trees, 8--16 m tall. Buds cylindric, ca. 1.3 cm, brown tomentose. Twigs dark brown to yellowish brown, sparsely pubescent and lenticelate. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 2--2.5 cm, pubescent; leaf blade obovate-oblong to oblong, 16--20 X 8.5--10.5 cm, leathery, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base rounded to obtuse, apex cuspidate. Peduncle ca. 1 cm, hispidulous. Tepals 12, white, narrowly obovate, 6--7.5 X 1--2.5 cm, subequal. Stamens many, ca. 2 cm; anthers ca. 1.5 mm. Gynophore ca. 1 cm. Gynoecium cylindric, ca. 3 cm, pubescent; carpels many, ovoid, ca. 3.8 mm; style ca. 2.2 mm. Aggregates 19--24 cm; mature carpels ovoid, completely 2-segmented; segments dark brown, ca. 2 mm thick, whitish lenticellate. Fl. Mar, fr. Jul.

* Forests; 1100--2100 m. Yunnan..

34. Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 573. 1906.

Trees, to 10 m tall, many branched; young twigs, buds, petioles, young leaf blades abaxially, and peduncles silvery or reddish brown appressed pubescent. Bark grayish white. Twigs black. Petiole black when old, 1.5--3 cm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, 10--20(--24) X 3.5--6.5 cm, thinly leathery, adaxially sparsely hairy, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex acuminate to short acute; midrib impressed, abaxially glaucous and silvery or reddish brown pubescent; secondary veins 11--15 on each side of midrib, slender; reticulate veins dense, prominent on both surfaces. Bracts 1 or 2, densely reddish brown appressed villous. Flower buds narrowly ovoid, ca. 3 cm. Peduncle 1.5--2.5 cm. Tepals ca. 12, papery, pellucid glandular; outer 3 tepals obovate-elliptic, 2.5--4 cm; inner tepals gradually narrower and smaller. Stamens 1.2--1.4 cm, grayish yellow pubescent; connective exserted into a ca. 1 mm tip; anthers ca. 8 mm, introrse. Gynophore ca. 4 mm. Gynoecium narrowly ovoid, ca. 1 cm; carpels ovoid, ca. 4 mm, densely puberulous; style grayish yellow pubescent, nearly as long as carpel. Aggregates 5--10 cm; mature carpels obovoid to ellipsoid, 1.5--2 cm, white lenticellate, apex rounded to rarely mucronate; 2-segmented. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep--Oct.

* Forests; 800--1500 m. NW Guangxi, NE and S Guizhou, SE Sichuan, SE Yunnan.

35. Michelia longistyla Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10: 341. 1988.

Trees, ca. 12 m tall, ca. 20 cm d.b.h.; young growth with a brown or white appressed indumentum. Buds narrowly ovoid, 2--5 cm, tomentose. Twigs brown to dark brown, 5--10 mm in diam., tomentose when young, subglabrous and sparsely covered with lenticels when old. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 2--3 cm, pubescent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic-oblong, 20--26 X 4.5--7 cm, leathery, abaxially densely pubescent, adaxially puberulous when young, ± glabrescent, base broadly cuneate, apex short cuspidate; midrib adaxially impressed; secondary veins 16--20 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins dense, prominent on both surfaces when dry. Bracts ca. 2.3 cm. Tepals 12, in 4 whorls; outer tepals obovate, 2--2.5 X 0.8--1 cm; inner tepals narrowly ovate, ca. 2 X 0.5 cm. Stamens ca. 80, 1.3--1.5 cm; filament 1.5--2 mm; connective exserted into a 0.5--1 mm sharp tip; anthers 0.9--1 cm. Gynophore 2--3 mm, pubescent. Gynoecium cylindric, 0.8--1.3 cm, pubescent; carpels many, ca. 2 mm; style ca. 2 mm. Fruit not seen. Fl. Mar.

* Forests; ca. 2000 m. Yunnan (Jinping Xian, Maguan Xian).

36. Michelia flaviflora Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10: 340. 1988.

Trees, ca. 15 m tall. Buds pale yellow tomentose. Young twigs brown tomentulose; old twigs sparsely covered with lenticels. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 0.5--1.2 cm, tomentulose, base slightly compressed; leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 15--24 X 3.6--5.5 cm, papery, abaxially glaucous and brown sericeous, adaxially green and glabrous, base cuneate, apex acuminate; midrib adaxially slightly prominent or flat; secondary veins 16--24 on each side of midrib. Flowers fragrant. Peduncle ca. 1 cm, yellow tomentose. Tepals 15, pale yellow, oblanceolate, unequal. Stamens ca. 90, 1.1--1.5 cm; connective exserted into a 1--2 mm sharp tip; anthers 7--10 mm. Gynophore ca. 1 cm, tomentose. Gynoecium narrowly ovoid, ca. 1.2 cm; carpels many, free, ovoid, ca. 4 mm, densely villous; style ca. 2 mm. Fruit not seen. Fl. Feb.

Forests, slopes; 1400--1500 m. Yunnan (Dawei Shan, Pingbian Xian) [Vietnam].

37. Michelia compressa (Maximowicz) Sargent, Gard. & For. 5: 75. 1893.

Magnolia compressa Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 17: 417. 1872; Michelia compressa Sargent var. formosana Kanehira; M. formosana (Kanehira) Masamune & Suzuki.

Trees, to 17 m tall, ca. 1 m d.b.h.; young twigs, buds, petioles, and leaf blade midribs brown appressed short hairy. Bark grayish brown, smooth. Petiole 0.8--1.2 cm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 5--7 X 2--3 cm, thinly leathery, base cuneate, apex acute, acumen obtuse or sharp; secondary veins 8--12 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins sparse, slightly prominent on both surfaces when dry. Bracts 1 or 2. Flower buds golden-yellow appressed sericeous. Peduncle 6--7 mm, appressed pubescent. Tepals 12, yellowish white, sometimes pale reddish near base, narrowly obovate, 1.2--1.5 X 0.3--0.5 cm, unequal. Stamens ca. 45, 5--6 mm; connective exserted into a 1--1.8 mm long tip; anthers 3.5--4 mm, latrorse. Gynophore ca. 3 mm. Gynoecium ca. 4 mm, golden-yellow fine hairy. Aggregates 3--5 cm; mature carpels ellipsoid to ovoid, 1.5--2 X 1.1--1.4 cm, apex mucronate, dorsally dehiscent. Seeds pink, 2--4 per carpel. Fl. Jan, fr. Oct--Nov.

Broad-leaved evergreen forests; 200--2600 m. Taiwan [Japan].

Timber.

38. Michelia longipetiolata C. Y. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10: 336. 1988.

Trees, ca. 15 m tall, ca. 30 cm d.b.h.; young twigs and petioles appressed pubescent. Buds ovoid, ca. 1 cm, densely red villous. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 2.5--3 cm; leaf blade broadly oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, 7.5--10.5 X 2.8--3.8 cm, thinly leathery, pubescent when young, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex acute; midrib flat or adaxially slightly prominent; secondary veins 6--10 on each side of midrib, adaxially prominent; reticulate veins inconspicuous. Flowers not seen. Fruiting gynophore 1--1.5 cm. Aggregates 7--9 cm; stamen scar band ca. 8 mm; undeveloped carpels ca. 20; mature carpels blackish brown, 7--12, ovoid, ca. 1.2 X 0.9 cm, lenticellate and villous, completely 2-segmented.

* Forests; 1000--1500 m. Guizhou, Hunnan.

39. Michelia caloptila Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(2): 152. 1984.

Trees, ca. 15 m tall, ca. 30 cm d.b.h.; young twigs, buds, petioles, and peduncles brown tomentose. Bark gray, smooth. Old twigs grayish brown, 3--3.5 mm in diam. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 0.5--1 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 9--16 X 2.5--4(--5) cm, thinly leathery, abaxially brown tomentulose, adaxially brown and slightly glossy, base cuneate, margin slightly reflexed, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate; secondary veins 7--12 on each side of midrib. Flowers not seen. Peduncle ca. 1.5 X 0.2--0.3 cm. Fruiting gynophore ca. 2 cm. Aggregates 4--10 cm, brown pubescent when young; mature carpels broadly ovoid to subglobose, 1--1.8 cm, densely whitish lenticellate, apex short beaked, completely 2-segmented. Seeds 1--4 per carpel, red, broadly heartshaped, compressed, 0.8--1 cm wide.

* Forests; 400--500 m. E Jiangxi.

40. Michelia fujianensis Q. F. Zheng, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(3): 92. 1981.

Trees, to 16 m tall, ca. 1 m d.b.h.; young twigs, buds, petioles, young leaf blades, and peduncles densely appressed grayish white or brown villous. Bark grayish white, smooth. Twigs black, ca. 3 mm in diam., pubescent. Petiole 0.6--1.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate-elliptic, 8--15 X 3--5 cm, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex acuminate to acute; midrib adaxially impressed; secondary veins 9--15 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins slender, dense, prominent on both surfaces when dry. Bract 1, just next to tepals. Flower buds ovoid, ca. 1.5 cm. Peduncle stout, ca. 7 mm; bract scar ca. 2 mm. Tepals ca. 12, in 4 whorls; outer 3 tepals narrowly obovate, 1--1.2 cm; tepals of next whorl obovate, 1.3--1.5 cm; tepals of innermost 2 whorls narrowly ovate, narrower ca. 1 cm and narrower than others. Androecium exceeding gynoecium. Stamens 4--5.5 mm; filament broad and flat, 1--1.5 mm; connective exserted into a 1--1.5 mm obtuse tip; anthers 3.5--4 mm, pollen sacs divaricate, 0.5--0.8 mm away from each other, introrse or latrorse. Gynophore ca. 1 mm, densely hairy. Gynoecium cylindric, ca. 5 mm; carpels globose, densely tomentulose. Aggregates usually curved due to carpels partly undeveloped, 2--3 cm; mature carpels black, obovoid, 1.5--2 cm, conspicuously white lenticellate, apex rounded. Seeds black, broad and flat, transversely ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 X 1 cm, base mucronate, apex impressed, sinus with a tip, dorsally irregularly prominent, ventrally broadly furrowed. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Aug--Sep.

* Forests, slopes; ca. 300 m. Fujian (Yong’an Xian).

41. Michelia guangxiensis Y. W. Law & Zhou, ined.

Trees, 5--10 m tall, 10--20 cm d.b.h.; young twigs, buds, petioles, and peduncles densely brown tomentose. Bark brown. Young twigs green; old twigs grayish brown, glabrous. Stipules adnate to 1/10--1/3 of petiole length. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade oblong to ovate-oblong, 6--15 X 3--5 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish green and sparsely brown hairy, adaxially dark green, glabrous, and shiny, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex acute to short acuminate; midrib adaxially impressed; secondary veins 9--11 on each side of midrib; reticulate veins dense, prominent on both surfaces when dry. Flowers fragrant. Tepals 6, in 2 whorls, white, fleshy, subequal; outer 3 tepals obovate, 3--4 X 1.3--1.5 cm; inner 3 tepals narrowly obovate, 3--4 X 1--1.3 cm. Stamens many, ca. 1.2--1.5 cm; connective exserted into a 0.5 mm mucro; anthers ca. 1 cm. Gynophore 4--5 mm, densely brown firmly appressed pubescent. Gynoecium ellipsoid-ovoid, ca. 1 cm; carpels ovoid, ca. 3 mm; ovules 4, rarely 2--5 per carpel; style ca. 1 mm. Aggregates 5--10 cm; mature carpels 10--15, ovoid, obovoid, ellipsoid-ovoid, apex short beaked, completely 2-segmented.

* Forests; 2100--2200 m. Guangxi (Longsheng Gezu Zizhixian).